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Turabian Citation Style Guide 9th Edition: B. Television and Radio Programs

About Citing AudioVisual Media

For each type of source in this guide, the general form and specific examples will be provided for both the Notes-Bibliography and the Author-Date style options of Turabian.

This information and several of the examples were drawn from A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations (9th edition). Numbers in parentheses refer to specific pages in the manual.

For further information, please ask your instructor or refer to the Turabian manual.

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Television and Radio Programs

Citations for television and radio programs may vary depending on the type of source. Your citation should at least include the title of the program, name of episode or segment, date it was first aired or made available, and the name of the studio or entity responsible for producing it. You may also include the name of the director or author, season and/or episode numbers, and key performers. Italicize the titles of programs and put the episode or segment titles in quotation marks. If the program is viewed or listened to online, include the date of access and the URL. Also include the type of medium that you used to access the program if other than the original format (pp. 202; 265-6).

 

Instead of creating a note or parenthetical citation, the program information can be cited by including the primary elements in the text of your paper. This works well if you only have a limited amount of relevant citation information. See the examples in the Manual on pages 203 and 266.

 

Notes-Bibliography Style (p. 197):

General Format

Note: 
Note Number. Title of Program, season number, episode number, "Title of Episode,"  directed by First Name of Director Last Name of Director, featuring Names of Primary Actors & Actresses, aired Month Day, Year, on Network (Production Co. or Distributor, Year), URL.
      
Bibliographic Entry:
Title of Program. Season Number, episode number, "Episode Title." Directed by First name of Director Last Name of Director. Aired Month Day, Year, on Network. Format. Name of Distributing Company. Year. URL.
 
 

Examples

Note:

16.  Mad Men, season 1, episode 12, "Nixon vs. Kennedy," directed by Alan Taylor, aired October 11, 2007, on AMC (Lions Gate Television, 2007), disc 4. 

 

19. 30 Rock, season 5, episode 22, "Everything Funny All the Time Always," directed by John Riggi, featuring Tina Fey, Tracy Morgan, Jane Krakowski, Jack McBrayer, Scott Adsit, Judah Friedlander, and Alec Baldwin, aired April 28, 2011, on NBC, (Hulu, 2012), https://www.hulu.com/30-rock/.

 
Bibliographic Entry:
Mad Men. Season 1, episode 12, "Nixon vs. Kennedy." Directed by Alan Taylor. Aired October 11, 2007, on AMC. DVD. Lions Gate Television, 2007, disc 4.
  
 

Author-Date Style (pp. 260-1)

General Format

Parenthetical Citation:
(Title of Program Year)
 
Reference List Entry:
Title of Program. Year. Season number, episode number. "Title of Episode." Directed by First Name/Initial of Director Last Name of Director. Aired Month Day, Year on Network. Format. Distribution Company.
 
 

Examples

Parenthetical Entry:
(Mad Men 2007)
  
Reference List Entry:
Mad Men. 2007 Season 1, episode 12. "Nixon vs. Kennedy." Directed by Alan Taylor. Aired October 11, 2007 on AMC. DVD, Lions Gate Television.

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